This volume examines the role and application of humanitarian law by focusing on African countries that are emerging from civil wars. It offers an overview of international law, including its essential vocabulary, and describes four particular subfields of international law: international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, and international refugee law. After setting forth this overview, the book considers practical mechanisms to implement international humanitarian law, focusing specifically on the experiences of Uganda, Sierra Leone, and Burundi.
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This week, the US continues to deliberate over the use of military force against the Syrian regime under Bashar al-Assad, after its alleged use of chemical weapons against civilians. Jennifer Moore takes a close look at international law, writing that so long as the UN Security Council does not agree with intervention, any US action is not permissible under the UN Charter. She argues that even the principle of Responsibility to Protect would not be justified in this case, as any action is likely to be short, punitive, and unlikely to end the attacks on Syrian civilians. The 1949 Geneva
In: TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE IN POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES IN AFRICA (J.R. Stormes SJ, E.O. Opongo SJ, K. Wansamo SJ, and P. Knox SJ, eds., ACORD and HIPSIR, 2015, Forthcoming)
ABSTRACTThis article addresses ethical and legal issues arising from the increasing use of e‐mail and other forms of instant written communication in the conduct of business. E‐mail communications are often casual and informal. Yet e‐mail is a written record that can be more permanent and widely accessible than a paper communication. This article focuses on the implications of this fact, including (1) how individuals compromise their own privacy by the voluntary use of e‐mail; (2) how e‐mail has complicated the duty of confidentiality of employees to employers, and professionals to clients; (3) whether the use of e‐mail affects ethical deliberation and choice; and (4) the use of e‐mail as evidence of corporate conduct and intent in civil and criminal litigation. The article suggests that e‐mail users think "forensically" about their e‐mail—i.e., consider its potential as evidence in the context of other emails and underlying events—before pressing the "send" button.
Preservation of 3D research data is a present and emerging need. An increasing number of researchers are generating, capturing and/or analyzing 3D data, but are rarely focused on preservation or reuse. This paper and presentation will describe models of 3D data creation and use, outline the specific concerns for this data type, unpack complexities and challenges of preserving it and examine existing 3D data preservation resources while working through local case studies from the field of anthropology. Directions to move digital 3D data preservation forward will be discussed.
This study examines the short- and long-term psychological, physical and social health implications associated with pre-1992 investigations and eventual discharge of Canadian military servicewomen for reasons of homosexuality. Theoretically, it sheds light on the impact of the intersection between sexism and heterosexism. The feminist psycho-social ethnography of the commonplace methodology was utilized. The study draws on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 13 former military personnel who self-identified as lesbian. While in the military, study participants were persecuted and forced to adopt various cognitive and behavioural coping strategies to avoid being found out and discharged by the military's Special Investigative Unit. Women reported that the relentless military surveillance, ongoing risk evaluation, and identity hiding contributed to psychological, physical and social health effects, including high stress, physical exhaustion, depression, substance abuse and social isolation. The criminal code's definition of torture and the literature regarding the effects of stalking on victims provide context for the results. The discussion presents policy recommendations aimed at repairing the psychological damage that discharged lesbian service members suffered.
